Higher Education India

HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

India's higher education system is the third largest in the world, next to the United States and China. The main governing body at the tertiary level is the University Grants Commission, which enforces its standards, advises the government, and helps coordinate between the centre and the state.

As per the latest 2011 Census, about 8.15% (68 million) of Indians are graduates.

As of 2016, India has 799 universities, with a break up of 50 central universities, 402 state universities, 124 deemed universities, 334 private universities, 5 institutions established and functioning under the State Act, and 75 Institutes of National Importance which include IIMs, AIIMS, IITs, IIEST and NITs among others.

Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) is the largest university in the world by number of students, having approximately 3.5 million students across the globe.

 University of Calcutta (1857), University of Madras (1857), University of Mumbai (1857) and Jawaharlal Nehru University (1969), 

The first institution of higher learning set up by the British East India Company was the Calcutta Madrasa in 1781. This was followed by the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1784, Benaras Sanskrit College in 1791 and Fort William College in 1800.^[27][26] With the Charter Act of 1813, the British Parliament officially declared Indian education as one of the duties of the state.

The University of Calcutta was the first multi-disciplinary university of modern India. 

Amongst the branches of the MHRD, the Department of Higher Education is responsible for overseeing the growth of the higher education sector. 

objectives of the Department is to increase the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education to 30% by 2020.

Rashtriya Uchattar Shiksha Abhiyan - This is a scheme to develop state university by central govt funding (60% for general category states, 90% for special category states, 100% for union territories).

University Grants Commission 

The University Grants Commission of India (UGC India) is a statutory body set up by the Government of India in accordance to the UGC Act 1956  under Ministry of Human Resource Development, and is charged with coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of higher education. It provides recognition to universities in India, and disbursements of funds to such recognized universities and colleges. Its headquarters is in New Delhi, and has six regional centres in Pune, Bhopal, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Guwahati and Bangalore.

UGC is modelled after University Grants Committee of UK 

The UGC was first formed in 1945 to oversee the work of the three Central Universities of Aligarh, Banaras and Delhi. Its responsibility was extended in 1947 to cover all Indian universities.

University Education Commission of 1948-1949 which was set up under the chairmanship of S. Radhakrishnan "to report on Indian university education and suggest improvements and extensions".

In 1952 the government decided that all grants to universities and higher learning institutions should be handled by the UGC.

an inauguration was held on 28 December 1953 by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the Minister of Education, Natural Resources and Scientific Research.

In November 1956 the UGC became a statutory body upon the passing of the "University Grants Commission Act, 1956" by the Indian Parliament.

In December 2015 the Indian government set a National Institutional of Ranking Framework under UGC which will rank all educational institutes by April 2016.

In December 2017 D.P. Singh, former director of National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC), was appointed chairman for a period of five years.

Motto

Gyan-Vigyan Vimuktaye (Knowledge and Science Liberates)

 

 

All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)

The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) is the statutory body and a national-level council for technical education, under Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development.^[5] Established in November 1945 first as an advisory body and later on in 1987 given statutory status by an Act of Parliament, AICTE is responsible for proper planning and coordinated development of the technical education and management education system in India. 

It has regional offices at Kanpur, Chandigarh, Gurgaon, Mumbai, Bhopal, Vadodara, Kolkata, Guwahati, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram.

The AICTE comprises following bureaus, namely:

·         e-Governance (e-Gov) Bureau

·         Approval (AB) Bureau

·         Planning and Co-ordination (PC) Bureau and Academic (Acad) Bureau

·         University (UB) Bureau

·         Administration (Admin) Bureau

·         Finance (Fin) Bureau

·         Research, Institutional and Faculty Development (RIFD) Bureau

 

On 6 June 2017, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that the AICTE along with the University Grants Commission would be scrapped and replaced by a new body called Heera (Higher Education Empowerment Regulation Agency (HEERA).

 

Distant Education Bureau (DEB)

Distant Education Bureau (DEB) is a bureau of the University Grants Commission (UGC) based in New Delhi, India, in charge of regulating distance education in India. It was established in 2012, replacing the Distance Education Council (DEC), an organisation that was responsible for open learning and distance education since 1985.

 In 1982 Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University was established, the first open university in India. This was followed by the establishment of Indira Gandhi National Open University at the national level in 1985.

The Distance Education Council (DEC) was set up by IGNOU in 1991 and became operational in 1992. with the Vice Chancellor of IGNOU acting as the ex officio chairperson of DEC.

 

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is an autonomous body responsible for co-ordinating agricultural education and research in India. It reports to the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture.^[2] The Union Minister of Agriculture serves as its president. It is the largest network of agricultural research and education institutes in the world.

Established	16 July 1929
President	Narendra Singh Tomar
Director	Trilochan Mohapatra
Location	New Delhi ,  Delhi ,  India

 

The Committee to Advise on Renovation and Rejuvenation of Higher Education (Yashpal Committee, 2009) has recommended setting up of a constitutional body — the National Commission for Higher Education and Research — which would be a unified supreme body to regulate all branches of higher education including agricultural education

The UPA government has included Yashpal Committee recommendations in its '100 days agenda'. premier institute of agriculture in India.

·         Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi

·         Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur

·         Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar

·         Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Ela, Old Goa, Goa

·         Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore

·         Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai

·         Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner

·         Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hissar

·         Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh

·         Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom

·         Central Institute for Women in Agriculture, Bhubaneswar

·         Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal

·         Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur and Sirsa

·         Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin

·         Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubneshwar

·         Central Institute of Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai

·         Central Institute of Sub Tropical Horticulture, Lucknow

·         Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar

·         Central Institute on Post harvest Engineering and Technology, Ludhiana

·         Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair

·         Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi

·         Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasargod

·         Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla

·         Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibers, Barrackpore

·         Central Research Institute of Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad

·         Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan

·         Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal

·         Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry

·         Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Trivandrum

·         ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna

·         ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Barapani

·         Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Jharkhand

·         Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi

·         Indian Grassland and Fevener Research Institute, Jhansi

·         Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi

·         Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram

·         Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru

·         Indian Institute of Maize Research,New Delhi

·         Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad

·         Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi

·         Indian Institute of Oil Palm Research, Eluru

·         Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad

·         Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur

·         Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad

·         Indian Institute of Seed Research, Mau

·         Indian Institute of Soil Sciences, Bhopal

·         Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun

·         Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut

·         Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow

·         Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi

·         Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneshwar

·         Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal

·         National Academy of Agricultural Research & Management, Hyderabad

·         National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Maharashtra

·         National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi

·         National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru

·         National Institute of Biotic Stresses Management, Raipur

·         National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal

·         National Institute of Research on Jute and Allied Fibre Technology, Kolkata

·         National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Hebbal, Bengaluru

·         National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack

·         Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore

·         Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora

 

National Research Centers

·         National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi

·         National Research Centre for Banana, Trichi

·         National Research Centre for Citrus, Nagpur

·         National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune

·         National Research Centre on Litchi, Muzaffarpur

·         National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur

·         National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner

·         National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar

·         National Research Centre on Integrated Farming, Motihari

·         National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad

·         National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland

·         National Research Centre on Orchids, Pakyong, Sikkim

·         National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati

·         National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi

·         National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Ajmer

·         National Seed Research And Training Centre, Varanasi

·         National Research Centre on Yak, West Kemang

 

Bar Council of India is a statutory body established under the section 4 of advocates Act 1961 that regulates the legal practice and legal education in India. Its members are elected from amongst the lawyers in India and as such represents the Indian bar. It prescribes standards of professional conduct, etiquettes and exercises disciplinary jurisdiction over the bar. 

 

National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)

National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) is an organisation that assesses and accredits higher education Institutions (HEIs) in India. It is an autonomous body funded by University Grants Commission of Government of India headquartered in Bangalore.

NAAC was established in 1994 in response to recommendations of National Policy in Education (1986). This policy was to "address the issues of deterioration in quality of education", and the Programme of Action (POA-1992) laid out strategic plans for the policies including the establishment of an independent national accreditation body.

S. C. Sharma, Director

Range of institutional CGPA	Letter Grade	Performance Descriptor
3.51 – 4.00	A++	Accredited
3.26 – 3.50	A+	Accredited
3.01 – 3.25	A	Accredited
2.76 – 3.00	B++	Accredited
2.51 – 2.75	B+	Accredited
2.01 – 2.50	B	Accredited
1.51 – 2.00	C	Accredited
≤ 1.50	D	Not Accredited

 

 

 

 

National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) is a statutory body of Indian government set up under the National Council for Teacher Education Act, 1993 (#73, 1993) in 1995 is to formally oversee standards, procedures and processes in the Indian education system.

As of 2007, the NCTE has its headquarters in New Delhi apart from regional representations in many other cities. Four official 'Regional Committees' of NCTE operate from Jaipur, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar and Bhopal handling the Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western regions respectively.

 

Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) was set up as a registered society in 1986. On September, 1992 the RCI Act was enacted by Parliament and it became a Statutory Body on 22 June 1993.

 

Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI) is the apex government body, set up under an Act of Parliament, to regulate training programmes and courses targeted at disabled, disadvantaged, and special education requirement communities.

Medical Council of India (MCI) is a statutory body for establishing uniform and high standards of medical education in India till formation of National Medical Commission From 14 October 2019. The Council grants recognition of medical qualifications, gives accreditation to medical schools, grants registration to medical practitioners, and monitors medical practice in India. The current President of MCI is Dr. Jayshreeben Mehta.

 

Formation	1933
Dissolved	2019
Headquarters	New Delhi

 

The Medical Council of India was first established in 1934 under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1933. The Council was later reconstituted under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 that replaced the earlier Act.

 

MCI Online" is the portal of the Medical Council of India for online processing of applications for registration (of medical qualifications) and for professional certificates.

 

 

Mid-day Meal Scheme is a school meal programme of the Government of India designed to better the nutritional standing of school-age children nationwide. The programme has undergone many changes since its launch in 1995. The Midday Meal Scheme is covered by the National Food Security Act, 2013. 

 Tamil Nadu is a pioneer in introducing mid day meal programmes in India to increase the number of kids coming to school; K. Kamaraj, then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, introduced it first in Chennai and later extended it to all districts of Tamil Nadu. Gujarat was the second state to introduce an MDM scheme in 1984, but it was later discontinued.  Under this programme, a cooked mid day meal with 300 calories and 12 grams of protein is provided to all children enrolled in classes one to five.

Item	Primary (class one to five)	Upper primary (class six to eight)
Calories	450	700
Protein (in grams)	12	20
Rice / wheat (in grams)	100	150
Dal (in grams)	20	30
Vegetables (in grams)	50	75
Oil and fat (in grams)	5	7.5

 

The central and state governments share the cost of the Midday Meal Scheme, with the centre providing 60 percent and the states 40 percent. Tithi Bhojan is a concept designed to ensure greater public participation under the Mid Day Meal Programme being followed in Gujarat. The concept has been adopted by different states with local nomenclatures like "Sampriti Bhojan" in Assam, "Dham" in Himachal Pradesh, "Sneh Bhojan" in Maharashtra, "Shalegagi Naavu Neevu" in Karnataka, "Anna Dhanam" in Puducherry, "Priti Bhoj" in Punjab and "Utsav Bhoj" in Rajasthan.

 

National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) is a methodology adopted by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India, to rank institutions of higher education in India. The Framework was approved by the MHRD and launched by Minister of Human Resource Development on 29 September 2015.

 

 Massive open online course (MOOC /muːk/) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web. first introduced in 2008. The first MOOCs emerged from the open educational resources (OER) movement, which was sparked by MIT OpenCourseWare project. The term MOOC was coined in 2008 by Dave Cormier of the University of Prince Edward 

 

SWAYAM  "Study Webs of Active-Learning for Young Aspiring Minds" is an Indian Massive open online course (MOOC) platform. SWAYAM is an initiative launched by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India under Digital India to give a coordinated stage and free entry to web courses, covering all advanced education, High School and skill sector courses.It was launched on 9th July 2017 by Honorable President of India.

 

National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) is an initiative funded by Ministry of Human Resource and Development, Government of India and coordinated by IIT Madras and other IITs. NPTEL was initiated in 2003 by seven IITs (Bombay, Delhi, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras, Guwahati and Roorkee) and Indian Institute of Science (IISc).