LUCKNOW UNIVERSITY B.COM NOTES

PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT 1. The Practice of Management written by __________. Peter F. Drucker. 2. Management is an organ, organs can be described and defined only through their functions. This definition was given by ____________. Peter F. Drucker. 3. Management is what a manger does_____________. Louis Allan. 4. To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to compound, to co-ordinate and to control. This definition was given by____________. Henry Fayol. 5. Management is the art of getting things done through and with an informally organized_____________. Harold Koontz. 6. Management is the art and science of decision making and leadership _____. Donald J. Clough. 7. Luther Gullik classifies the function of management as ___________. POSDCORB. 8. Father of Administrative management______________. Henry Fayol. 9. Pioneer of Human Relations is ___________. Elton Mayo. 10. Henry Fayol laid down_____________. 14 principles. 11. Espirit de corps means______________. Union is strengt...

Binomial Distribution The binomial distribution is a probability distribution that summarizes the likelihood that a value will take one of two independent values under a given set of parameters or assumptions. The underlying assumptions of the binomial distribution are that there is only one outcome for each trial, that each trial has the same probability of success, and that each trial is mutually exclusive, or independent of each other. The binomial distribution is a common discrete distribution used in statistics, as opposed to a continuous distribution, such as the normal distribution. This is because the binomial distribution only counts two states, typically represented as 1 (for a success) or 0 (for a failure) given a number of trials in the data. The binomial distribution, therefore, represents the probability for x successes in n trials, given a success probability p for each trial. The mean of the binomial distribution is np, and the variance of the binomial distribution is ...

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR UNIT-3 Organizational Theory and Behaviour: Evolution, Contingency theory of organization, models of organizational bahviour, Personality, perception and learning, Transactional analysis, Theory of leadership, Management by objective Organisational behaviour is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, group and structure have on behaviour within organisations. ” Organizational Behaviour is the study of human behaviour in the workplace, the interaction between people and the organization, and the organization itself.” Robbins, "O.B. is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behaviour within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organization's effectiveness". Keith Davis may be defined as - "Organizational behaviour is the study and application of knowledge about human behaviour in organizations as it relates to other system elem...

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT-2 Business Environment: Concept, nature and significance of business environment, element, techniques of environmental scanning and monitoring, Economic system, Government Policies, Political, legal and Socio-Cultural environment According to Hicks, ‘The firm can adjust to the environment, or if it has the ability, change the environment.’ Environmental Scanning or analysis. The monitoring process of the appropriate environment by an organization to identify the opportunities and threats, that affect the business, is known as environmental scanning or analysis. The techniques used for environmental scanning are as follows: • Environmental Threat and Opportunity (ETOP) Analysis • Quick Environmental Scanning Technique (QUEST) Analysis • Strengths Weaknesses Opportunity and Threats (SWOT) Analysis • Political, Economic, Social and Technological (PEST) Analysis • QUEST Analysis QUEST analysis was proposed by B. Nanus. It is a four-step process that uses scenari...

MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS UNIT-1 Business economics, Concept, nature and significance of business economics, Principles of Business economics, Demand analysis, Production analysis, Pricing analysis, Business cycles and inflation. Mansfield, "Managerial Economics is concerned with the application of economic concepts and economic analysis to the problems of formulating rational managerial decisions." According to McNair and Meriam, "Managerial economics is the use of economic modes of thought to analyse business situations." According to Hailstones and Rothwel, "Managerial economics is the application of economic theory and analysis to practice of business firms and other institutions." Spencer and Siegelman define it as "The integration of economic theory with business practice for the purpose of facilitating decision making and forward planning by management." The four distinctively macroeconomic problems are: 1. Recessions 2. Unemployment 3. ...

Financial accounting assists keeping a systematic record of financial transactions the preparation and presentation of financial reports in order to arrive at a measure of organisational success and financial soundness. It relates to the past period, serves the stewardship function and is monetary in nature. Cost accounting assists in analysing the expenditure for ascertaining the cost of various products manufactured or services rendered by the firm and fixation of prices thereof. It also helps in controlling the costs and providing necessary costing information to management for decision-making. Management accounting deals with the provision of necessary accounting information to people within the organisation to enable them in decision-making, planning and controlling business operations. Management accounting draws the relevant information mainly from financial accounting and cost accounting which helps the management in budgeting, assessing profitability, taking pricing decision...